| When Iraq accepted the terms of the 1991 Gulf War cease-fire agreement, it agreed to destroy all its weapons of mass destruction. But after a senior Iraqi official defected in 1995, the nation admitted to producing biological and chemical agents that could be used as weapons of mass destruction. Here is a look at the chemical and biological agents Iraq claims to have manufactured in the past.
Agent: Sulfur mustards
Type: Blister agent
Symptoms: Skin blistering, damage to air passages.
Outcome: Death possible.
Status: Used from 1983-90 during the Iraq-Iran War. Iraq claims it produced 2,850 tons.
Source: International Institute for Strategic Studies
Agent: Tabun
Type: Nerve agent
Symptoms: Sweating, shortness of breath, muscle spasm.
Outcome: Death possible.
Status: Used from 1984-87 during the Iraq-Iran War. Iraq claims it produced 210 tons.
Source: International Institute for Strategic Studies
Agent: Sarin
Type: Nerve agent
Symptoms: Shortness of breath, muscle spasm, unconsciousness.
Outcome: Death possible.
Status: Used in the late 1980s during the Iran-Iraq War. Iraq claims it produced 795 tons.
Source: International Institute for Strategic Studies
Agent: Cyclosarin
Type: Nerve agent
Symptoms: Shortness of breath, muscle spasm, unconsciousness.
Outcome: Death possible.
Status: Used during the late 1980s during the Iran-Iraq War. Iraq claims it produced 795 tons.
Source: International Institute for Strategic Studies
Agent: VX
Type: Nerve agent
Symptoms: Breathing problems, muscle spasm, unconsciousness.
Outcome: Possibly death.
Status: May have been used against Iran in 1988. Iraq claims it produced 3.9 tons.
Source: International Institute for Strategic Studies
Agent: CS
Type: Tear gas
Symptoms: Coughing, sneezing, choking.
Outcome: Illness, but not death.
Status: Used from 1983 to 1990 during the Iran-Iraq War. It is unknown how much CS Iraq may have produced.
Source: International Institute for Strategic Studies
Agent: Anthrax
Type: Bacteria
Symptoms: Inhaled anthrax -- lung problems, terminal shock. Skin anthrax -- lesions, blood poisoning.
Outcome: Death, if untreated. Not contagious.
Status: Iraq claims production of 2,200 gallons. U.N. unable to verify present status.
Source: International Institute for Strategic Studies
Agent: Botulinum
Type: Toxin
Symptoms: Nausea, respiratory paralysis.
Outcome: Death, if untreated. Not contagious.
Status: Iraq claims production of 5,000 gallons. U.N. unable to verify present status.
Source: International Institute for Strategic Studies
Agent: Ricin
Type: Naturally occurring toxin found in the seeds of castor beans
Symptoms: Fever, severe respiratory distress.
Outcome: Death, if untreated. Not contagious.
Status: Iraq claims production of three gallons. U.N. unable to verify present status.
Source: International Institute for Strategic Studies/ USDA
Agent:Gas gangrene
Type: Bacteria
Symptoms: Vomiting, bleeding, acute lung distress.
Outcome: Death, if untreated. Not contagious.
Status: Iraq claims production of 89 gallons. U.N. unable to verify present status.
Source: International Institute for Strategic Studies
Agent: Aflatoxin
Type: Naturally occurring toxin produced by mold on grains and elsewhere in nature
Symptoms: Bleeding, liver disease, possible liver cancer.
Outcome: Long-term exposure leads to cancer. Not contagious.
Status: Iraq claims production of 581 gallons. U.N. disputes Iraq's production capability.
Source: International Institute for Strategic Studies, USDA
Agent: Trichothecenes
Type: Toxin
Symptoms: Chest pain, convulsions, internal bleeding.
Outcome: Death is possible. Not contagious.
Status: Iraq claims it conducted research on this toxin.
Source: International Institute for Strategic Studies
Agent: Rotavirus
Type: Virus
Symptoms: Diarrhea, acute gastroenteritis.
Outcome: Death, if untreated. Contagious.
Status: Iraq claims it conducted research on this virus.
Source: International Institute for Strategic Studies
Agent: Wheat smut
Type: Fungus
Symptoms: Plant disease
Outcome: Infected plants produce toxins harmful to humans.
Status: Iraq claims all remaining quantities destroyed, July 1991.
Source: International Institute for Strategic Studies | |